Arcology

Arcology, a portmanteau of the words "architecture" and "ecology", is a set of architectural design principles aimed toward the design of enormous habitats (hyperstructures) of extremely high human population density. These largely hypothetical structures would contain a variety of residential, commercial, and agricultural facilities and minimize individual human environmental impact. They are often portrayed as self-contained or economically self-sufficient.
The concept has been primarily popularized, and the term itself coined, by architect Paolo Soleri.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcology
Paolo Soleri (born June 21, 1919) is an Italian-American architect. He established Arcosanti and the educational Cosanti Foundation. Soleri is a lecturer in the College of Architecture at Arizona State University and a National Design Award recipient in 2006.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo_Soleri

Arcosanti
http://www.arcosanti.org/